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Reference

Find a definition, example or interview question. Looking something up does not change your lesson draft.

27 matching entries

File

Named data kept so it can be found and used again.

Example: A saved note called packing.txt contains a packing list.

Common confusion and a question to try

The editor is the tool; the file is the data it opens.

Which part is the data in Trip/packing.txt?

Folder

A container used to organize files and other folders.

Example: Trip contains packing.txt and route.txt.

Common confusion and a question to try

A folder groups files; it is not the text inside a note.

In Trip/packing.txt, which component is the folder?

Application

A program used to perform a task, such as editing notes or viewing web pages.

Example: The virtual editor application opens a saved note.

Common confusion and a question to try

Closing an application does not ordinarily delete its saved files.

What is the tool in the note-editing example?

Browser

An application for retrieving and displaying web content.

Example: A browser displays this course.

Common confusion and a question to try

A browser can display local or remote content; its name alone does not locate data.

Does viewing a file in a browser establish where it is stored?

Editor

A tool for changing text, including notes and source code.

Example: Change Ready. inside a quoted string in the source editor.

Common confusion and a question to try

The text currently visible may include unsaved edits.

What could differ between the editor and a reopened file?

Terminal

A text interface commonly used to interact with a shell and programs.

Example: Later lessons use a terminal to enter shell commands.

Common confusion and a question to try

A terminal provides the interface; the shell interprets commands.

Which part is the interface and which part interprets a command?

Shell

A program that interprets commands and can launch other programs.

Example: A shell receives a command through a terminal.

Common confusion and a question to try

The shell is not the same thing as the terminal window or JavaScript runner.

Could different shells use a terminal interface?

Source code

Instructions expressed as text in a programming language.

Example: console.log("Hello!"); is source for a print instruction.

Common confusion and a question to try

Source is the instruction; Hello! is its output.

Which characters belong to the source but are absent from this printed value?

Output

Data or a result produced by an operation or program.

Example: Printing a Hello! string produces the output entry Hello!.

Common confusion and a question to try

An old result describes the source that produced it, not later edits.

What needs to happen after a source edit to obtain current output?

String

A value representing text, which may contain letters, spaces or punctuation.

Example: "Gate open" represents the text Gate open.

Common confusion and a question to try

Quotation delimiters describe a string in source; they are not automatically part of its value.

Is the space in Gate open part of the value?

Quotation mark

A character that can mark a string boundary in source code. Ordinary single or double quotes delimit the strings taught here.

Example: "Ready" and 'Ready' represent the same plain text.

Common confusion and a question to try

Matching straight quotes work here; curly presentation quotes are not equivalent delimiters.

Why must the opening and closing delimiter styles match?

Syntax

The rules governing how a valid instruction is written.

Example: A missing closing quote prevents the intended string call from parsing.

Common confusion and a question to try

Valid syntax can still print the wrong requested words.

Can a program run successfully and still fail its brief?

Statement

An instruction within a program. The supported print calls here are expression statements.

Example: Two console.log calls execute in their source order.

Common confusion and a question to try

Two words within one string are not two statements.

How many statements print Pack and Leave on separate output entries?

RAM

Random access memory holds active working data while a computer runs. Ordinary system RAM is temporary; it does not preserve unsaved work when power is lost.

Example: An open editor uses RAM for its working text.

Common confusion and a question to try

RAM use and free storage are different measurements. Closing an app can reduce RAM use without deleting files.

Which resource holds working data and which keeps the saved copy?

Storage

The place that keeps saved data so it can be read later, including after an application closes.

Example: A saved note remains on storage after its editor closes.

Common confusion and a question to try

A full storage device and high memory pressure are different problems.

What evidence would you check when a save reports storage full?

Local

On the computer or environment named as the reference point.

Example: A note saved on your laptop is local to that laptop.

Common confusion and a question to try

Local does not mean independently trusted; device owners can change local data.

Relative to your computer, where is a downloaded copy?

Remote

On another computer reached through a connection, relative to the stated computer.

Example: A note stored on a website server is remote to your laptop.

Common confusion and a question to try

Displaying remote data does not by itself prove a local saved copy exists.

Where does the supplied map say the data is held?

Backup

A separate saved copy kept to help recover data.

Example: A supplied backup restores a note’s earlier text.

Common confusion and a question to try

A backup can recover its captured content, not unsaved edits it never included.

What should you inspect before replacing a file with a backup?

Argument

A value supplied to an operation or function call.

Example: The string Hello! is the one argument in console.log("Hello!");.

Common confusion and a question to try

The call’s parentheses contain the argument; the printed value does not include those parentheses.

What value is supplied inside the call?

Error

A reported failure or problem during an operation.

Example: The runner reports a syntax error for an unterminated string.

Common confusion and a question to try

An error message is evidence to investigate; one failure does not prove every possible cause.

What exact message and source line would you record?

Path

A location expressed through a sequence of names. In this course, relative paths begin inside the virtual workspace.

Example: Practice/first-note.txt means that file inside Practice.

Common confusion and a question to try

A filename alone may not distinguish copies in different folders.

Why include the folder when describing a saved file?

RAM and storage in plain language

Explain to a new computer user why closing an application can free RAM while a saved note remains.

Explain to a new computer user why closing an application can free RAM while a saved note remains.

Review the reasoning
  • Define working memory and saved storage separately.
  • Use a concrete save/close/reopen example.
  • Avoid promising that closing or restarting fixes every issue.

RAM holds active working data. Storage holds saved files. If I save a note, close its editor and reopen the same file, the saved words should remain in this simple model. Closing can free application memory, but the exact memory change requires observation.

Common mistakes

  • Saying RAM and storage are the same resource.
  • Promising that a restart cures every performance problem.

How would your explanation change if the note was never saved?

Choose a first diagnostic

Ticket A has high memory pressure and 80 GB free storage. Ticket B has normal memory pressure and a storage-full save error. Describe your first check for each.

Ticket A has high memory pressure and 80 GB free storage. Ticket B has normal memory pressure and a storage-full save error. Describe your first check for each.

Review the reasoning
  • Separate the two ticket observations.
  • Choose measurements matching each reported resource.
  • Preserve work and describe a reversible action.

For A, I would inspect memory use and compare it after saving and closing an idle application. For B, I would verify the destination and free storage reported with the save error. I would record the observations before proposing changes.

Common mistakes

  • Deleting files to treat a memory report.
  • Declaring a problem fixed without repeating the failed operation.

Ticket A now has normal memory pressure but saving fails. Which evidence changes your next check?

Support a recovery claim

A restore action reports success. What would you record before saying the note was recovered?

A restore action reports success. What would you record before saying the note was recovered?

Review the reasoning
  • Name the intended backup and target path.
  • Reopen and compare actual content with expected backup content.
  • Limit the claim to what was observed.

I would record the target path and expected backup text, reopen the restored file and compare its contents. A matching reopened copy supports recovery of that version at that path. It does not prove that every earlier edit or every other file is intact.

Common mistakes

  • Using the button click as the only evidence.
  • Claiming unsaved text was recovered without a copy containing it.

What would you say if the path opens but the text does not match?

Explain source punctuation

Why do the quotes appear in console.log("Ready."); but not in its printed output?

Why do the quotes appear in console.log("Ready."); but not in its printed output?

Review the reasoning
  • Distinguish source code from the produced value.
  • Explain the quote delimiters and string contents.
  • State the exact output.

The quotes tell the parser where the string begins and ends. The value between them is Ready. The print call outputs that value, so these delimiter quotes are absent from the output. Quotes can be part of other string values, but this example does not include them.

Common mistakes

  • Repeating the whole source as the output.
  • Claiming quotes can never occur in printed text.

Would matching single quotes change this plain message’s output?

Separate two program faults

Program A has a missing closing quote. Program B runs but prints Save before Check when the request was Check then Save. Explain your repair sequence.

Program A has a missing closing quote. Program B runs but prints Save before Check when the request was Check then Save. Explain your repair sequence.

Review the reasoning
  • Classify A as syntax and B as an output-order mismatch.
  • Repair the smallest relevant part of each source.
  • Run the revised sources and compare exact outputs.

For A, I would restore the closing delimiter and run again to check syntax and text. For B, I would move the complete Check statement before Save, then compare the two new output entries with the request. A successful run is necessary but does not alone prove the required output order.

Common mistakes

  • Changing words when the fault is only order.
  • Treating all failures as missing quotes.

What changes if B prints the correct order but one message has an extra word?

Tie output to the source

A successful result remains visible after you edit the program. What evidence supports a claim about the edited program?

A successful result remains visible after you edit the program. What evidence supports a claim about the edited program?

Review the reasoning
  • Identify which source snapshot produced the old output.
  • Run the current source and preserve its exact result.
  • Keep local checking separate from independent review.

The old result describes the source used for that run. I would run the edited source and compare its new output to the brief, recording that source and result together. A local successful check supports that specific behavior; it does not supply human review or establish general programming mastery.

Common mistakes

  • Treating any green result as evidence for all later edits.
  • Calling a local automated check independently reviewed.

What can you conclude if the new run reports unsupported rather than syntax?